Tag: #breakthrough

80,000 people died of flu last winter in US

 

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Medical Xpress September 26, 2018 at 04:54PM.)

An estimated 80,000 Americans died of flu and its complications last winter—the disease’s highest death toll in at least four decades.

The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Robert Redfield, revealed the total in an interview Tuesday night with The Associated Press.

Flu experts knew it was a very bad season, but at least one found the size of the estimate surprising.

“That’s huge,” said Dr. William Schaffner, a Vanderbilt University vaccine expert. The tally was nearly twice as much as what health officials previously considered a bad year, he said.

In recent years, flu-related deaths have ranged from about 12,000 to 56,000, according to the CDC.

Last fall and winter, the U.S. went through one of the most severe flu seasons in recent memory. It was driven by a kind of flu that tends to put more people in the hospital and cause more deaths, particularly among young children and the elderly.

The season peaked in early February and it was mostly over by the end of March.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Medical Xpress] September 26, 2018 at 04:54PM. Credit to the original author and Medical Xpress | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Powerful jet discovered coming from ‘wrong’ kind of star

 

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Latest Science News — ScienceDaily September 26, 2018 at 02:37PM.)

(cover Image)

 

Astronomers using the National Science Foundation’s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) have discovered a fast-moving jet of material propelled outward from a type of neutron star previously thought incapable of launching such a jet. The discovery, the scientists said, requires them to fundamentally revise their ideas about how such jets originate.

Neutron stars are superdense objects, the remnants of massive stars that exploded as supernovas. When in binary pairs with “normal” stars, their powerful gravity can pull material away from their companions. That material forms a disk, called an accretion disk, rotating around the neutron star. Jets of material are propelled at nearly the speed of light, perpendicular to the disk.

“We’ve seen jets coming from all types of neutron stars that are pulling material from their companions, with a single exception. Never before have we seen a jet coming from a neutron star with a very strong magnetic field,” said Jakob van den Eijnden of the University of Amsterdam. “That led to a theory that strong magnetic fields prevent jets from forming,” he added.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Latest Science News — ScienceDaily] September 26, 2018 at 02:37PM. Credit to the original author and Latest Science News — ScienceDaily | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Inky Black, Polluted Rivers Seep into Ocean After Hurricane Florence in NASA Image

 

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Live Science September 26, 2018 at 04:33PM.)

(cover Image)
Snapped on Sept. 19th by NASA’s Operational Land Imager on the Landsat 8 satellite, this image shows polluted waters following Hurricane Florence.

Credit: Joshua Stevens/U.S. Geological Survey/NASA

Over 8 trillion gallons of rain fell on North Carolina during Hurricane Florence, according to an unofficial estimate reported by the National Weather Service in Raleigh.

As the floodwaters rose, they churned up pollution and debris, which then was fed into the swollen rivers of North Carolina, a new NASA image reveals. Snapped on Sept. 19 by NASA’s Operational Land Imager on the Landsat 8 satellite, this image shows how Hurricane Florence affected water quality: the White Oak River, New River and Adams Creek spew darkened water into an equally discolored Atlantic Ocean. [Hurricane Florence: Photos of a Monster Storm]

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Live Science] September 26, 2018 at 04:33PM. Credit to the original author and Live Science | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Reclassification recommendations for drug in ‘magic mushrooms’

 

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Medical Xpress September 26, 2018 at 09:56AM.)

(cover Image)

Psilocybe cubensis, a common variety of psilocybin-containing mushroom. Credit: Paul Stamets

In an evaluation of the safety and abuse research on the drug in hallucinogenic mushrooms, Johns Hopkins researchers suggest that if it clears phase III clinical trials, psilocybin should be re-categorized from a schedule I drug—one with no known medical potential—to a schedule IV drug such as prescription sleep aids, but with tighter control.

The researchers summarize their analysis in the October print issue of Neuropharmacology.

“We want to initiate the conversation now as to how to classify psilocybin to facilitate its path to the clinic and minimize logistical hurdles in the future,” says Matthew W. Johnson, Ph.D., associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “We expect these final clearance trials to take place in the next five years or so.”

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Medical Xpress] September 26, 2018 at 09:56AM. Credit to the original author and Medical Xpress | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Newly discovered hummingbird species already critically endangered

 

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on EurekAlert! – Breaking News September 26, 2018 at 09:26AM.)

In 2017, researchers working in the Ecuadorian Andes stumbled across a previously unknown species of hummingbird–but as documented in a new study published in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, its small range, specialized habitat, and threats from human activity mean the newly described Blue-throated Hillstar is likely already critically endangered.

Hillstars are unusual among hummingbirds–they live in high-elevation habitats in the Andes and have special adaptations to cold temperatures. Francisco Sornoza of Ecuador’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversida, first observed and photographed a previously unknown hillstar during fieldwork in southwest Ecuador in April 2017. After this first expedition, Francisco engaged fellow researchers Juan Freile, Elisa Bonaccorso, Jonas Nilsson, and Niels Krabbe in the study of this possible new species, returning in May to capture specimens and confirm the finding. They dubbed the new species Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus, or the Blue-throated Hillstar, for its iridescent blue throat.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [EurekAlert! – Breaking News] September 26, 2018 at 09:26AM. Credit to the original author and EurekAlert! – Breaking News | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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These Venomous Snakes Travel by Hitchhiking on Planes

 

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Live Science September 26, 2018 at 03:48PM.)

(Cover Image)

A brown tree snake Boiga irregularis.

Credit: Shutterstock

The brown tree snake is a stealthy, international traveler.

Invasive to Guam, the snake species, Boiga irregularis, first arrived on the Pacific island during World War II, most likely by hitchhiking on troop carriers from Australia, according to a statement.

Ever since, it has been devastating native bird populations in Guam and nearby islands. Since these snakes don’t have natural predators to hunt them there, they were able to rapidly multiply, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Their venom, thought to be unique, contains two separate toxins that, together, make it 1,000 times more toxic to birds and reptiles than to mammals (their bite has only a minor effect on adult humans). [7 Shocking Snake Stories]

But in a new study, researchers investigated the venom of other snakes in the genus Boiga and found that they too had this double-toxin venom. So, any of these other species might have caused similar devastation on bird populations had they spread like the brown tree snake, the researchers reported on Sept. 12 in the Journal of Molecular Evolution.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Live Science] September 26, 2018 at 03:48PM. Credit to the original author and Live Science | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Hyper Suprime-Cam survey maps dark matter in the universe

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Latest Science News — ScienceDaily September 26, 2018 at 12:16PM.)

Today, an international group of researchers, including Carnegie Mellon University’s Rachel Mandelbaum, released the deepest wide field map of the three-dimensional distribution of matter in the universe ever made and increased the precision of constraints for dark energy with the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey (HSC).
The present-day universe is a pretty lumpy place. As the universe has expanded over the last 14 billion years or so, galaxies and dark matter have been increasingly drawn together by gravity, creating a clumpy landscape with large aggregates of matter separated by voids where there is little or no matter.

The gravity that pulls matter together also impacts how we observe astronomical objects. As light travels from distant galaxies towards Earth, the gravitational pull of the other matter in its path, including dark matter, bends the light. As a result, the images of galaxies that telescopes see are slightly distorted, a phenomenon called weak gravitation lensing. Within those distortions is a great amount of information that researchers can mine to better understand the distribution of matter in the universe, and it provides clues to the nature of dark energy.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Latest Science News — ScienceDaily] September 26, 2018 at 12:16PM. Credit to the original author and Latest Science News — ScienceDaily | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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DeepMind’s New Research on Linking Memories, and How It Applies to AI

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Singularity Hub September 26, 2018 at 11:06AM.)

There’s a cognitive quirk humans have that seems deceptively elementary. For example: every morning, you see a man in his 30s walking a boisterous collie. Then one day, a white-haired lady with striking resemblance comes down the street with the same dog.

Subconsciously we immediately make a series of deductions: the man and woman might be from the same household. The lady may be the man’s mother, or some other close relative. Perhaps she’s taking over his role because he’s sick, or busy. We weave an intricate story of those strangers, pulling material from our memories to make it coherent.

This ability—to link one past memory with another—is nothing but pure genius, and scientists don’t yet understand how we do it. It’s not just an academic curiosity: our ability to integrate multiple memories is the first cognitive step that lets us gain new insight into experiences, and generalize patterns across those encounters. Without this step, we’d forever live in a disjointed world.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Singularity Hub] September 26, 2018 at 11:06AM. Credit to the original author and Singularity Hub | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Black Holes in Boxes Defy String Theory

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on RealClearScience – Homepage September 24, 2018 at 11:20PM.)

Stephen Hawking sadly passed away earlier this year, but his scientific legacy is well alive. The black hole information loss problem in particular still keeps physicists up at night. A new experiment might bring us a step closer to solving it.

 

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This article and its images were originally posted on [RealClearScience – Homepage] September 24, 2018 at 11:20PM. Credit to the original author and RealClearScience – Homepage | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Private Company Plans to Launch More Greenhouse Gas-Detecting Satellites

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Scientific American Content September 26, 2018 at 12:00PM.)

A Montreal-based company that has pioneered the use of a small privately owned satellite to spot methane leaks plans to launch more of the microwave-sized greenhouse gas detectors into space.

The company, called GHGSat, has raised $10 million in new funds that it will use to build two more satellites, improved versions of its earliest model, called Claire, which has been orbiting since 2016. It has monitored man-made emissions from over 2,000 sites around the world (Climatewire, March 9).

“They will have an order of magnitude of better performance,” predicted Stéphane Germain, president of GHGSat. The space-based sensors, though, will still be about the same size and shape as Claire.

The company’s targeted market includes oil and gas companies, which can use satellite reports to monitor leaks from refineries, wellheads and lengthy pipeline systems. Currently, GHGSat has contracts with three oil companies—Suncor Energy, Royal Dutch Shell PLC and Imperial Oil Ltd.—and has received financial backing from Schlumberger Ltd., a global oil field services company.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Scientific American Content] September 26, 2018 at 12:00PM. Credit to the original author and Scientific American Content | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Elusive origin of stellar geysers revealed by 3-D simulations

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Phys.org September 26, 2018 at 01:03PM.)

A snapshot from a simulation of the churning gas that blankets a star 80 times the sun’s mass. Intense light from the star’s core pushes against helium-rich pockets in the star’s exterior, launching material outward in spectacular geyser-like eruptions. The solid colors denote radiation intensity, with bluer colors representing regions of larger intensity. The translucent purplish colors represent the gas density, with lighter colors denoting denser regions. Credit: Joseph Insley/Argonne Leadership Computing Facility

Astrophysicists finally have an explanation for the violent mood swings of some of the biggest, brightest and rarest stars in the universe.

The stars, called luminous blue variables, periodically erupt in dazzling outbursts nicknamed “stellar geysers.” These powerful eruptions launch entire planets’ worth of material into space in a matter of days. The cause of this instability, however, has remained a mystery for decades.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Phys.org] September 26, 2018 at 01:03PM. Credit to the original author and Phys.org | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Worn-out cells eventually stop dividing

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Science and technology September 20, 2018 at 10:51AM.)

print-edition icon Print edition | Science and technology

CELLS divide many times throughout their lives. But they cannot do it indefinitely. Once they have reached the limits of their reproductive powers, they enter a state called “senescence”, in which they carry on performing their duties but stop making new copies of themselves. For years it was assumed that, apart from their refusal to divide, senescent cells were otherwise identical to their replicating compatriots.

There is mounting evidence, though, that this is untrue. One study in 2016 reported that senescent cells in the kidneys and heart produce a protein that causes nearby healthy tissues to deteriorate. Another study found that senescent cells contribute to diseases like atherosclerosis and arthritis. New work led by Darren Baker, a biologist at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, published in Nature this week, suggests the accumulation of senescent cells within the brains of mice causes the animals to develop neurodegenerative diseases—and that clearing out these cells can help prevent them.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Science and technology] September 20, 2018 at 10:51AM. Credit to the original author and Science and technology | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Tiny soft robot with multilegs paves way for drugs delivery in human body

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Latest Science News — ScienceDaily September 26, 2018 at 10:07AM.)

A novel tiny, soft robot with caterpillar-like legs capable of carrying heavy loads and adaptable to adverse environment was developed from a research led by City University of Hong Kong (CityU). This mini delivery-robot could pave way for medical technology advancement such as drugs delivery in human body.

Around the world, there has been research about developing soft milli-robots. But the CityU’s new design with multi-legs helps reduce friction significantly, so that the robot can move efficiently inside surfaces within the body lined with, or entirely immersed in, body fluids such as blood or mucus.

The research findings have been published in the latest issue of the scientific journal Nature Communications, titled “A Bio-inspired Multilegged Soft Millirobot that Functions in Both Dry and Wet Conditions.”

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This article and images were originally posted on [Latest Science News — ScienceDaily] September 26, 2018 at 10:07AM. Credit to the original author and Latest Science News — ScienceDaily | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

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Mediterranean diet ‘may help prevent depression’

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on BBC News – Science & Environment September 26, 2018 at 09:18AM.)

(Cover image) Image copyright Getty Images

Eating a Mediterranean diet may help prevent depression, research suggests.

But an expert in metabolic medicine says more rigorous, targeted trials are needed to confirm evidence of the potential link.

The findings, in Molecular Psychiatry, come from a review of 41 studies published within the last eight years.

A plant-based diet of fruit, veg, grains, fish, nuts and olive oil – but not too much meat or dairy – appeared to have benefits in terms of mood.

Experts say trials are now needed to test the theory and to learn whether depression can be treated with diet.

Dr Camille Lasalle, who carried out the analysis with colleagues at University College London, said the evidence so far pointed to the idea that the foods we eat can make a difference in lowering our risk of depression, even though there is no solid clinical proof yet.

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This article and images were originally posted on [BBC News – Science & Environment] September 26, 2018 at 09:18AM. Credit to the original author and BBC News – Science & Environment | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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The World’s #1 Weed Killer Could Also Be Killing Bees, New Evidence Suggests

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on ScienceAlert September 26, 2018 at 03:26AM.)

This could be a huge missing link.

Across the world, the buzz of bee colonies is growing faint, and hives are failing. In what’s been described as “ecological armageddon”, this vital pollinator is vanishing.

Scientists aren’t entirely sure why. Strong evidence exists linking the decline to pesticides, but new research shows another poison – one long believed to be harmless to animals – may actually be indirectly killing bees.

A study by researchers from the University of Texas at Austin suggests the world’s most widely used weed killer – glyphosate – could be a previously unknown factor behind what’s known as colony collapse disorder.

Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Monsanto’s best-selling Roundup – the self-proclaimed “flagship” of the company’s agricultural chemicals business.

That’s quite a business too: a 2016 study found that since its introduction in the 1970s, almost 10 million tonnes of glyphosate have been sprayed onto fields the world over.

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This article and images were originally posted on [ScienceAlert] September 26, 2018 at 03:26AM. Credit to the original author and ScienceAlert | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Primeval Black Holes Could Reveal How the Universe Formed

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Live Science September 26, 2018 at 07:56AM.)

(Coave Image)

Supermassive black holes blast winds outward in a spherical shape, as depicted here in this artist’s conception of a black hole.

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Very close to the very beginning, scientists think, there were black holes.
These black holes, which astronomers have never directly detected, didn’t form in the usual way: the explosive collapse of a big, dying star into its own gravity well. The matter in these black holes, researchers believe, wasn’t crushed into a singularity by the last gasps of an old star.
Indeed, back then, in the first 1 billion or so years of the universe, there were no old stars. Instead, there were huge clouds of matter, filling space, seeding the earliest galaxies. Some of that matter, researchers believe, clumped together more tightly, though, collapsing into its own gravity well just like old stars later did as the universe aged. Those collapses, researchers believe, seeded supermassive black holes that had no previous life as stars. Astronomers call these singularities “direct collapse black holes” (DCBHs).
The problem with this theory, though, is that nobody has ever found one. [The 18 Biggest Unsolved Mysteries in Physics]
But that could change. A new paper from the Georgia Institute of Technology published Sept. 10 in the journal Nature Astronomyproposes that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which NASA intends to launch at some point in the next several years, should be sensitive enough to detect a galaxy containing a black hole from this ancient period of the universe’s history. And the new study proposes a set of signatures that could be used to identify a DCBH-hosting galaxy.\
And that ultrapowerful telescope might not have to search the skies for very long to find one.

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This article and images were originally posted on [Live Science] September 26, 2018 at 07:56AM. Credit to the original author and Live Science | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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We Finally Know Why That Orange in Australia Bizarrely Turned Purple

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on ScienceAlert September 25, 2018 at 10:23PM.)

Scientists in Australia have solved a bizarre mystery from earlier in the month, when a mother in Queensland found that orange slices she’d cut up for her two-year-old son had puzzlingly transformed overnight.

Hours after being segmented, these orange chunks were no longer orange, but had morphed into a vibrant purple. The fruit reportedly had tasted perfectly normal, but nobody had an explanation for the surreal colour change.

“For the rest of the day and overnight they continued to develop this really amazing indigo colour,” the mother, Neti Moffitt of Keperra, Brisbane told The Sydney Morning Herald at the time.

“Everyone is so utterly intrigued and desperate to find the answer.”

Now, it looks like the mystery has been solved.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [ScienceAlert] September 25, 2018 at 10:23PM. Credit to the original author and ScienceAlert | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Spray-on antennas unlock communication of the future

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Science + Technology – The Conversation September 21, 2018 at 02:15PM.)

(Cover Image)
Spraying an antenna onto a flat surface. Drexel University Nanomaterials Lab, CC BY-ND

Hear the word “antenna” and you might think about rabbit ears on the top of an old TV or the wire that picks up radio signals for a car. But an antenna can be much smaller – even invisible. No matter its shape or size, an antenna is crucial for communication, transmitting and receiving radio signals between devices. As portable electronics become increasingly common, antennas must, too.

Wearable monitors, flexible smart clothes, industrial sensors and medical sensors will be much more effective if their antennas are lightweight and flexible – and possibly even transparent. We and our collaborators have developed a type of material that offers many more options for connecting antennas to devices – including spray-painting them on walls or clothes.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Science + Technology – The Conversation] September 21, 2018 at 02:15PM. Credit to the original author and Science + Technology – The Conversation | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Paper-based electronics could fold, biodegrade and be the basis for the next generation of devices

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Science + Technology – The Conversation September 21, 2018 at 06:51AM.)

It seems like every few months there’s a new cellphone, laptop or tablet that is so exciting people line up around the block to get their hands on it. While the perpetual introduction of new, slightly more advanced electronics has made businesses like Apple hugely successful, the short shelf life of these electronics is bad for the environment.

Modern electronics are filled with circuit boards on which various metals and plastics are soldered together. Some of these materials are toxic – or break down into toxic substances. There are efforts underway to boost recycling of e-waste, recovering materials that can be reused and properly disposing of the rest. But most devices end up added to the growing piles of e-waste in landfills.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Science + Technology – The Conversation] September 21, 2018 at 06:51AM. Credit to the original author and Science + Technology – The Conversation | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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What does math look like to mathematicians?

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Popular Science September 18, 2018 at 03:53PM.)

What does math look like to mathematicians? It’s very simple. Math looks like language.

A funny language, I’ll admit. It’s dense, terse, and painstaking to read. While I zip through five chapters of a Twilight novel, you might not even turn the page in your math textbook. This language is well suited to telling certain stories (e.g., the relations between curves and equations), and ill-suited to others (e.g., the relations between girls and vampires). As
such, it’s got a peculiar lexicon, full of words that no other tongue includes. For example, even if I could translate a0 + ∑ ∞ n=1 (an cos(nπx/L) + bn sin(nπx/L) into plain English, it wouldn’t make sense to someone unfamiliar with Fourier analysis, any more than Twilight would make sense to someone unfamiliar with teenage hormones.

But math is an ordinary language in at least one way. To achieve comprehension, mathematicians employ strategies familiar to most readers. They form mental images. They paraphrase in their heads. They skim past distracting technicalities. They draw connections between what they’re reading and what they already know. And—strange as it may seem—they engage their emotions, finding pleasure, humor, and squeamish discomfort in their reading material.

Now, this brief chapter can’t teach fluent math any more than it could teach fluent Russian. And just as literary scholars might debate a couplet by Gerard Manley Hopkins or the ambiguous phrasing of an email, so mathematicians will disagree on specifics. Each brings a unique perspective, shaped by a lifetime of experience and associations.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Popular Science] September 18, 2018 at 03:53PM. Credit to the original author and Popular Science | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Praying Mantis That Catches Fish Is a Guppy’s Worst Nightmare

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Live Science September 20, 2018 at 10:47AM.)

With their folded, spiky arms and large-eyed, triangular faces, praying mantises are instantly recognizable, and are well-known for their predatory prowess. But while mantises typically prey on insects, one opportunistic individual in India has developed a taste for fish.

For the first time, scientists observed a praying mantis hunting guppies, a type of tropical freshwater fish. The long-armed predator snatched up and snacked on the tiny fish in an artificial pond in southwestern India, demonstrating a behavior that was previously unknown in these insects.
The hunter, a male Hierodula tenuidentata — also known as a giant Asian mantis — measured about 2 inches (6 centimeters) in length, and it captured guppies measuring 0.8 to 1.2 inches (2 to 3 cm) long, according to a new study. [Lunch on the Wing: Mantises Snack on Birds (Photos)]

Over five nights in March 2017, the mantis visited the artificial pond in a roof garden planter. It perched on water lilies and water cabbage plants on the pond’s surface and “fished” for its dinner, capturing and devouring up to two fish per night, feasting on a total of nine guppies, the study authors reported.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Live Science] September 20, 2018 at 10:47AM. Credit to the original author and Live Science | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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How to Grow Crops on Mars If We Are to Live on the Red Planet

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According to via The Conversation. T (This article and its images were originally posted on Space.com September 23, 2018 at 08:06AM.)

Preparations are already underway for missions that will land humans on Mars in a decade or so. But what would people eat if these missions eventually lead to the permanent colonization of the red planet?

Once (if) humans do make it to Mars, a major challenge for any colony will be to generate a stable supply of food. The enormous costs of launching and resupplying resources from Earth will make that impractical. [How Living on Mars Could Challenge Colonists (Infographic)]

Humans on Mars will need to move away from complete reliance on shipped cargo, and achieve a high level of self-sufficient and sustainable agriculture.

The recent discovery of liquid water on Mars – which adds new information to the question of whether we will find life on the planet – does raise the possibility of using such supplies to help grow food.
But water is only one of many things we will need if we’re to grow enough food on Mars.

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Scientists Say They’ve Come Up With a Way to Test Once And For All Whether The Big Bang Actually Happened

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on ScienceAlert September 23, 2018 at 07:15AM.)

Not with a bang, but with a bounce?

According to the Big Bang cosmological model, our Universe began 13.8 billion years ago when all the matter and energy in the cosmos began expanding.

This period of “cosmic inflation” is believed to be what accounts for the large-scale structure of the Universe and why space and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) appear to be largely uniform in all directions.

However, to date, no evidence has been discovered that can definitely prove the cosmic inflation scenario or rule out alternative theories.

But thanks to a new study by a team of astronomers from Harvard University and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), scientists may have a new means of testing one of the key parts of the Big Bang cosmological model.

Their paper, titled “Unique Fingerprints of Alternatives to Inflation in the Primordial Power Spectrum“, recently appeared online and is being considered for publication in the Physical Review Letters.

The study was conducted by Xingang Chen and Abraham Loeb – a senior lecturer at Harvard University and the Frank D. Baird Chair of Astronomy at Harvard University, respectively – and Zhong-Zhi Xianyu, a postdoctoral fellow with the Department of Physics at Harvard University.

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Rare double-headed snake found in garden in Virginia

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on BBC News – Science & Environment September 23, 2018 at 06:24AM.)

The rare copperhead was discovered in a garden in Virginia and is unlikely to survive in the wild.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [BBC News – Science & Environment] September 23, 2018 at 06:24AM. Credit to the original author and BBC News – Science & Environment | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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New battery gobbles up carbon dioxide

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Phys.org September 21, 2018 at 01:51PM.)

(Cover Image)

This scanning electron microscope image shows the carbon cathode of a carbon-dioxide-based battery made by MIT researchers, after the battery was discharged. It shows the buildup of carbon compounds on the surface, composed of carbonate material that could be derived from power plant emissions, compared to the original pristine surface (inset). Credit: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

A new type of battery developed by researchers at MIT could be made partly from carbon dioxide captured from power plants. Rather than attempting to convert carbon dioxide to specialized chemicals using metal catalysts, which is currently highly challenging, this battery could continuously convert carbon dioxide into a solid mineral carbonate as it discharges.

While still based on early-stage research and far from commercial deployment, the new formulation could open up new avenues for tailoring electrochemical conversion reactions, which may ultimately help reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas to the atmosphere.

 

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They Made It! Japan’s Two Hopping Rovers Successfully Land on Asteroid Ryugu

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Space.com September 22, 2018 at 09:32AM.)

(Cover Image)

This spectacular photo shows the view from asteroid Ryugu from the Minerva-II1A rover during a hop after it successfully landed on Sept. 21, 2018. The probe is one of two that landed on Ryugu from the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Hayabusa2 spacecraft. It’s the first time two mobile rovers landed on an asteroid.

Credit: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

The suspense is over: Two tiny hopping robots have successfully landed on an asteroid called Ryugu — and they’ve even sent back some wild postcards from their new home.

The tiny rovers are part of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Hayabusa2 asteroid sample-return mission. Engineers with the agency deployed the robots early Friday (Sept. 21), but JAXA waited until today (Sept. 22) to confirm the operation was successful and both rovers made the landing safely.

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China’s Chilling ‘Social Credit System’ Is Straight Out of Dystopian Sci-Fi, And It’s Already Switched On

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on ScienceAlert September 20, 2018 at 02:03AM.)

Like Black Mirror. Totally like Black Mirror.

It’s been in the pipeline for years: a sprawling, technological mass surveillance network the likes of which the world has never seen. And it’s already been switched on.

China’s “Social Credit System” – which is expected to be fully operational by 2020 – doesn’t just monitor the nation’s almost 1.4 billion citizens. It’s also designed to control and coerce them, in a gigantic social engineering experiment that some have called the “gamification of trust”.

That’s because the massive project, which has been slowly coming together for over a decade, is about assigning an individual trust score to each and every citizen, and to businesses too.

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We Might Have Just Discovered The Missing Link Between The Brain And Gut

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on ScienceAlert September 21, 2018 at 11:22PM.)

New research with mice may upend our understanding of the connection between the gut and the brain, as well as appetite.

If you’ve ever felt nauseous before an important presentation, or foggy after a big meal, then you know the power of the gut-brain connection.

Scientists now believe that a surprising array of conditions, including appetite disorders, obesity, arthritis, and depression, may get their start in the gut. But it hasn’t been clear how messages in this so-called “second brain” spread from our stomachs to our cerebrum.

For decades, researchers believed that hormones in the bloodstream were the indirect channel between the gut and the brain.

Recent research suggests the lines of communication behind that “gut feeling” is more direct and speedy than a diffusion of hormones.

Using a rabies virus jacked up with green fluorescence, researchers traced a signal as it traveled from the intestines to the brainstem of mice. They were shocked to see the signal cross a single synapse in under 100 milliseconds – that’s faster than the blink of an eye.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [ScienceAlert] September 21, 2018 at 11:22PM. Credit to the original author and ScienceAlert | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Already Weird Atoms Get Stranger, May Hold Ability to Bond with ‘Nothing’

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Live Science September 20, 2018 at 07:01AM.)

(Cover Image)

A computer model of a ghost bond. The green ball represents the nucleus of the Rydberg atom, while the blue ball represents where the Rydberg’s electron most likely is. It also represents where the “ghost” atom is, or where the groundstate atom would be.

Credit: Matt Eiles

Getting upset over nothing? Well, you’re not being ridiculous: Some atoms may form actual bonds with “nothing.”

While a typical chemical bond requires two entities, there is one kind of atom that may be able to bond to “ghost” atoms or those that don’t exist, according to a new paper published Sept. 12 in the journal Physical Review Letters.

Just as our solar system’s planets orbit around the sun, electrons orbit around an atom’s nucleus. The farther out their orbit is, the higher the electron’s energy. But with an energy boost, electrons can often hop orbits — and some go the distance.

Rydberg atoms have one electron that jumps to a distant orbit, far away from the nucleus. “Basically, any atom in the periodic table can become a Rydberg atom,” senior author Chris Greene, a distinguished professor of physics and astronomy at Purdue University, told Live Science. All that’s needed is to shine a laser on an atom, giving its electrons a bit of energy. [Wacky Physics: The Coolest Little Particles in Nature]

Rydberg atoms “are unusual from a chemistry standpoint,” Greene said. That’s because an excited electron that has hopped very far away from the atom’s nucleus can collide over and over with an electron in a nearby ground-state atom — or one where all its electrons are in the lowest energy state possible. Each time it collides, it attracts the ground-state atom bit by bit, eventually trapping it in what is called trilobite bond.

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Plastic Pollution Is Now Spreading From Ocean Food Chains Into Land Animals, Thanks to This Insect

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on ScienceAlert September 21, 2018 at 11:33PM.)

We know that plastic pollution is a major problem for the world’s oceans, but scientists just discovered a new way that discarded microplastics are making their way out of the water and into other food chains – through mosquitoes.

What’s happening is mosquito larvae are ingesting microplastics as water-dwelling larvae, and those plastic particles are sticking around as they transition into flying mosquitoes.

Those adult insects provide tasty snacks for birds and bats in the air above, which means microplastics are now ending up in the stomachs of land animals, not just marine creatures.

This process is technically known as ontogenic transference, meaning it happens as the organism matures and moves habitats.

Once the plastic-carrying mosquitoes have been eaten by birds and bats, the pollution can then make it further into other food chains and ecosystems, according to the researchers from the University of Reading in the UK.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [ScienceAlert] September 21, 2018 at 11:33PM. Credit to the original author and ScienceAlert | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Prepare for 10 Feet of Sea Level Rise, California Commission Tells Coastal Cities

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Scientific American Content September 21, 2018 at 01:01PM.)

California coastal cities should be prepared for the possibility that oceans will rise more than 10 feet by 2100 and submerge parts of beach towns, the state Coastal Commission warns in new draft guidance.

The powerful agency, which oversees most development along 1,100 miles of coast, will consider approving the guidance this fall. A staff report recommending the changes was released last week.

Earlier commission guidance put top sea-level rise at 6 feet by 2100. But according to the new report, there’s the “potential for rapid ice loss to result in an extreme scenario of 10.2 feet of sea level rise” by the end of the century. |

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Study: people tend to cluster into four distinct personality “types”

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Science – Ars Technica September 17, 2018 at 11:06AM.)

(Cover Image)

Enlarge /Average, Reserved, Role Model, and Self-centered: not everyone falls into these four categories, but you might.

Northwestern University

People love taking online quizzes; just ask Buzzfeed and Facebook. A new study has sifted through some of the largest online data sets of personality quizzes and identified four distinct “types” therein. The new methodology used for this study—described in detail in a new paper in Nature Human Behavior—is rigorous and replicable, which could help move personality typing analysis out of the dubious self-help section in your local bookstore and into serious scientific journals.

Frankly, personality “type” is not the ideal nomenclature here; personality “clusters” might be more accurate. Paper co-author William Revelle (Northwestern University) bristles a bit at the very notion of distinct personality types, like those espoused by the hugely popular Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Revelle is an adamant “anti-fan” of the Myers-Briggs, and he is not alone. Most scientists who study personality prefer to think of it as a set of continuous dimensions, in which people shift where they fall on the spectrum of various traits as they mature.

What’s new here is the identification of four dominant clusters in the overall distribution of traits. Revelle prefers to think of them as “lumps in the batter” and suggests that a good analogy would be how people tend to concentrate in cities in the United States.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Science – Ars Technica] September 17, 2018 at 11:06AM. Credit to the original author and Science – Ars Technica | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Scientists grow human esophagus in lab

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Latest Science News — ScienceDaily September 20, 2018 at 09:24PM.)

Scientists working to bioengineer the entire human gastrointestinal system in a laboratory now report using pluripotent stem cells to grow human esophageal organoids.

Published in the journal Cell Stem Cell the study is the latest advancement from researchers at the Cincinnati Children’s Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM). The center is developing new ways to study birth defects and diseases that affect millions of people with gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastric reflux, cancer, etc. The work is leading to new personalized diagnostic methods and focused in part on developing regenerative tissue therapies to treat or cure GI disorders.

The newly published research is the first time scientists have been able to grow human esophageal tissue entirely from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which can form any tissue type in the body, according to the authors. Cincinnati Children’s scientists and their multi-institutional collaborators already have used PSCs to bioengineer human intestine, stomach, colon and liver.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Latest Science News — ScienceDaily] September 20, 2018 at 09:24PM. Credit to the original author and Latest Science News — ScienceDaily | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Octopuses given mood drug ‘ecstasy’ reveal genetic link to evolution of social behaviors in humans

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Latest Science News — ScienceDaily September 21, 2018 at 09:29AM.)

By studying the genome of a kind of octopus not known for its friendliness toward its peers, then testing its behavioral reaction to a popular mood-altering drug called MDMA or “ecstasy,” scientists say they have found preliminary evidence of an evolutionary link between the social behaviors of the sea creature and humans, species separated by 500 million years on the evolutionary tree.

A summary of the experiments is published Sept. 20 in Current Biology, and if the findings are validated, the researchers say, they may open opportunities for accurately studying the impact of psychiatric drug therapies in many animals distantly related to people.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Latest Science News — ScienceDaily] September 21, 2018 at 09:29AM. Credit to the original author and Latest Science News — ScienceDaily | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Earliest known animal was a half-billion-year-old underwater blob

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on New Scientist September 20, 2018 at 02:24PM.)

(cover Image)

The first animal?

Ilya Bobrovskiy, Australian National University

A strange soft-bodied sea creature that lived over half a billion years ago may have been the first animal species on Earth, fossil evidence suggests.

The first large complex organisms – known as the Ediacarans – appear in the fossil record about 570 million years ago, just before the Cambrian explosion of modern animal life. Their alien body shapes have created confusion over whether they were primitive animals, other complex lifeforms like lichen or giant amoebas, or failed experiments of evolution.

Now, Jochen Brocks at Australian National University and his colleagues have found fat molecules in 558 million-year-old fossils of Dickinsonia – a type of Ediacaran – that confirms it was an early animal.

The researchers collected the fossils from sandstone cliffs in a remote area of the White Sea region of Russia. The cholesterol-like molecules preserved in them are found in almost all of today’s animals, but have low abundance in other lifeforms like bacteria, lichen and amoebas. “It tells us this creature in fact was our earliest ancestor,” says Brocks.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [New Scientist] September 20, 2018 at 02:24PM. Credit to the original author and New Scientist | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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World’s Simplest Animal Reveals Hidden Diversity

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Quanta Magazine September 12, 2018 at 01:09PM.)

The world’s simplest known animal is so poorly understood that it doesn’t even have a common name. Formally called Trichoplax adhaerens for the way it adheres to glassware, the amorphous blob isn’t much to look at. At just a few millimeters across, the creature resembles a squashed sandwich in which the top layer protects, the bottom layer crawls, and the slimy stuffing sticks it all together. With no organs and just a handful of cell types, the most interesting thing about T. adhaerens might just be how stunningly boring it is.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Quanta Magazine] September 12, 2018 at 01:09PM. Credit to the original author and Quanta Magazine | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Device uses graphene plasmons to convert mid-infrared light to electrical signals

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Phys.org September 19, 2018 at 08:21AM.)

A team of researchers has developed a device that uses the material graphene to detect mid-infrared light and efficiently convert it to electrical signal at room temperature. It’s a breakthrough that could lead to better communications systems, thermal imagers and other technologies.

Published in Nature Materials, the study is a collaboration between the laboratories of Fengnian Xia, Barton L. Weller Associate Professor in Engineering and Science and F. Javier Garcia de Abajo of The Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO), Spain.

Mid-infrared radiation at 8 to 14 micrometers is extremely useful in thermal imaging and revealing molecular-specific spectroscopic information. In addition, such radiation can propagate in the air without significant loss, indicating its tremendous potential in free-space communications and remote sensing. However, conventional mid-infrared infrared detectors typically are very slow due to the large thermal capacity, leading to a long time constant for heat dissipation.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Phys.org] September 19, 2018 at 08:21AM. Credit to the original author and Phys.org | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Lab-Grown Meat

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Scientific American Content September 19, 2018 at 08:32AM.)

Imagine biting into a juicy beef burger that was produced without killing animals. Meat grown in a laboratory from cultured cells is turning that vision into a reality. Several start-ups are developing lab-grown beef, pork, poultry and seafood—among them Mosa Meat, Memphis Meats, SuperMeat and Finless Foods. And the field is attracting millions in funding. In 2017, for instance, Memphis Meats took in $17 million from sources that included Bill Gates and agricultural company Cargill.

If widely adopted, lab-grown meat, also called clean meat, could eliminate much of the cruel, unethical treatment of animals that are raised for food. It could also reduce the considerable environmental costs of meat production; resources would be needed only to generate and sustain cultured cells, not an entire organism from birth.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Scientific American Content] September 19, 2018 at 08:32AM. Credit to the original author and Scientific American Content | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Female Cockroaches May Cluster Together to Avoid Male Harassment

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Scientific American Content September 19, 2018 at 06:45AM.)

Humans are not the only species that deals with harassment. According to new research, female cockroaches may cluster together to keep male suitors at bay.

Christina Stanley, an animal behavior lecturer at the University of Chester in England, and her colleagues put Pacific beetle cockroaches in special containers to observe their social behavior. The roaches would gather in primarily female groups and jostle out the males. “Female [roaches] created this better social environment by excluding the males,” says Stanley, who led the study published online in July in Ethology. Because the females are much larger than the males, they “are more dominant, so they are more able to push the males out of the way,” she adds.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Scientific American Content] September 19, 2018 at 06:45AM. Credit to the original author and Scientific American Content | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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A tiny galaxy almost collided with the Milky Way and astronomers can see the effects

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Popular Science September 19, 2018 at 03:44PM.)

Our galaxy’s history was a lot more turbulent than previously thought. In a new paper published in Nature this week, astronomers found that hundreds of millions of years ago, the Milky Way experienced a near collision that churned the motions of millions of stars within its disk.

From our perspective here on Earth, the Milky Way looks like a bright streak of stars against the night sky. But its actual shape is a more complicated spiral, with curving arms reaching out in a disk around a bulging center. The majority of the Milky Way’s stars are located in this disk and not its central bulge. Astronomers generally assumed the disk’s stars moved in a relatively boring, symmetrical manner around the galactic core, having long-since settled into a composed equilibrium in the more than 13 billion years since the galaxy was born.

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We Just Discovered Two Massive Objects That Challenge Our Understanding of Star Evolution

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on ScienceAlert September 18, 2018 at 03:01PM.)

The line between star and planet might be a lot finer than we think.

Brown dwarfs are celestial objects that are more massive than a planet, but not quite massive enough to be stars. But astronomers have discovered two brown dwarfs that are so massive they’re challenging our understanding of star evolution.

They’re called Epsilon Indi B and C, and with new estimates putting them at more than 70 times the mass of Jupiter, they’re seriously close to making the big time as stars.

But their dull luminosity suggests they’re definitely not stars as yet, and it’s forced astronomers to reconsider exactly how heavy an object has to be in order for it to spark up with nuclear fusion.

Brown dwarfs are typically described as failed stars, falling short of possessing the material necessary for gravity to put the big squeeze on atoms of hydrogen and ignite a nuclear furnace.

Currently, brown dwarfs are thought to have an upper limit of around 70 Jupiter masses. Beyond that and there’s every chance they’ll start to shine.

But this discovery suggests that might not be the case.

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Microplastics may enter foodchain through mosquitoes

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Phys.org September 19, 2018 at 02:51AM.)

(Cover Image)

Scientists are studying whether mosquitos can pass microplastics up the foodchain into humans

Mosquito larvae have been observed ingesting microplastics that can be passed up the food chain, researchers said Wednesday, potentially uncovering a new way that the polluting particles could damage the environment.

Microplastics—tiny shards broken down from man-made products such as synthetic clothing, car tyres and contact lenses—litter much of the world’s oceans.

 

Hard to spot and harder to collect, they can seriously harm and are believed to pose a significant risk to human health as they move through the and contaminate water supplies.

 

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1,000-Foot-Long Spider Web Is Just a Summer Orgy, Expert Says

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Live Science September 19, 2018 at 04:27PM.)

The tranquil beaches of Greece are an ideal destination for a summer fling, especially if you are a hungry, web-flinging spider. Residents of Aitoliko, an island village perched between two bridges in western Greece, recently woke up to see their local beaches overtaken by such amorous arachnid action — and the results are far more Halloween than Valentine’s Day.
In an eerie video posted yesterday (Sept. 18) by YouTube user Giannis Giannakopoulos, you can see the strange fruits of the Grecian spider love-fest take the form of a massive, 1,000-foot-long (300 meters) network of webs stretched over the coast. Shrubs shrug under the net of silk. Palm fronds hang tangled in an unstoppable bad hair day. And, below it all, pairs of spiders are busy building, eating and, of course, reproducing.

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Colon cancer is caused by bacteria and cell stress

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Medical Xpress September 19, 2018 at 07:21AM.)

Screenshot_2018-09-19 coloncanceri jpg (JPEG Image, 720 × 404 pixels).png

Proffessor Dirk Haller discovered that it is not cell stress alone that leads to tumor growth, but the cooperation of stress and microbiota — here with Sandra Bierwirth (left) and Olivia Coleman. Credit: A. Heddergott/ TUM

Researchers at Technical University Munich have reported findings related to the development of colon cancer. “We originally wanted to study the role of bacteria in the intestines in the development of intestinal inflammation,” explains Professor Dirk Haller from the Department of Nutrition and Immunology at the Weihenstephan Science Centre of the TUM. “However, the surprising result for us was the discovery that bacteria, together with stress in cells, caused tumours (exclusively in the colon) and without the involvement of inflammation.”

The investigations were initially carried out using a mouse model. In germ-free animals in which the activated transcription factor ATF6 regulated stress in the intestinal mucosa (intestinal epithelium), no change could be observed. But as soon as the microbiota were transplanted back into germ-free animals, tumours developed in the colons of the mice. Using Koch’s postulates, Haller and his team were able to show that microorganisms are involved in the development of cancer in the colon.

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Great White Sharks Gather in Droves in the Middle of Nowhere, But Why?

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Live Science September 18, 2018 at 03:42PM.)

(Cover Image)

Great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) meet annually in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.

Credit: Shutterstock

Each winter, an open ocean void in the deep sea of the mid-Pacific Ocean attracts large crowds of great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) that make the monthlong swim from the coasts of California and Mexico. Scientists followed the sharks to their mysterious ocean lair and discovered a few potential reasons why the fearsome predators might be attracted to the area, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute reported.

The sharks, known as the northeastern Pacific whites, feed on elephant seals and other marine mammals along the coast of California from about August to December, according to the Schmidt Ocean Institute. Then in December, the sharks swim to their meeting spot in the middle of the ocean, about halfway to Hawaii, where they spend their winter and spring before returning to California. Satellite images suggested the area was an oceanic desert, so scientists were stumped as to why these prolific predators would leave the food-rich waters off California.

Barbara Block, a marine scientist at Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station, discovered the area more than a decade ago when she tracked tagged sharks to the area. She dubbed the spot the “White Shark Café,” although she wasn’t yet sure why the sharks were going there. [Image Gallery: Great White Sharks]

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Hog manure is escaping from 13 waste lagoons in North Carolina

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Quartz September 18, 2018 at 03:09PM.)

The poop has left the pen.

Floodwaters from Hurricane Florence have “overtopped” 13 pig-manure lagoons in North Carolina, causing waste to escape the earthen pond-like structures, the state’s Department of Environmental Quality said today (Sept. 18). Rain and flooding have caused structural damage to four of the lagoons and inundated nine more.

North Carolina is one of the biggest hog-farming states in the US—second only to Iowa—and its two biggest hog-farming counties were directly in the path of the storm. Its 9.7 million pigs live on some 2,100 hog farms and generate a lot of manure: About 10 billion pounds of wet animal waste are produced in the state a year.

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This Experiment Will Shoot Ghostly Particles Through Earth, Answer Why We Exist

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Live Science September 18, 2018 at 12:47PM.)

The study of the subatomic world has revolutionized our understanding of the laws of the universe and given humanity unprecedented insights into deep questions. Historically, these questions have been in the philosophical realm: How did the universe come into existence? Why is the universe the way it is? Why is there something, instead of nothing?

Well, move over philosophy, because science has made a crucial step in building the equipment that will help us answer questions like these. And it involves shooting ghostly particles called neutrinos literally through the Earth over a distance of 800 miles (nearly 1,300 kilometers) from one physics lab to another.

An international group of physicists has announced that they have seen the first signals in a cube-shaped detector called ProtoDUNE. This is a very big stepping stone in the DUNE experiment, which will be America’s flagship particle physics research program for the next two decades. ProtoDUNE, which is the size of a three-story house, is a prototype of the much larger detectors that will be used in the DUNE experiment and today’s (Sept. 18) announcement demonstrates that the technology that was selected works. [The 18 Biggest Unsolved Mysteries in Physics]

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Terrifying ‘Rafts’ of Stinging Fire Ants Are Now Floating Around After Hurricane Florence

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on ScienceAlert September 18, 2018 at 08:25PM.)

Locals are being warned to avoid them at all costs.

Hurricane Florence is causing a threat that many Carolinians may not be aware of – fire ants.

Fire ants, which carry a dangerous sting, are an invasive species in the region and are especially adept at surviving massive flooding.

The insects band together to create rafts that float upon the flood waters until they are able to reach ground again. Business Insider’s Kevin Loria reported on the phenomenon during Hurricane Harvey during Hurricane Harvey last year.

The raft carries all members of the colony including eggs, larvae, queens, winged ants, and workers, according to Texas A&M University.

This survival tactic poses a threat to rescuers since the rafts look like debris, and if they come into contact with boats, the fire ants can disband to sting those on board.

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The brain predicts words before they are pronounced

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Medical Xpress September 18, 2018 at 09:22AM.)

The Primary Auditory Cortex is highlighted in magenta, and has been known to interact with all areas highlighted on this neural map. Credit: Wikipedia.

The brain is not only able to finish the sentences of others: A study by the Basque research centre BCBL has shown for the first time that it can also anticipate an auditory stimulus and determine the phonemes and specific words the speaker is going to pronounce.

 

Prediction is one of the main neuro-cognitive mechanisms of the brain. Every millisecond, the brain tries to actively anticipate what will happen next depending on the knowledge it has of its environment.website

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NASA Names Holly Ridings New Chief Flight Director

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on NASA Breaking News September 17, 2018 at 02:18PM.)

Holly Ridings is at her Flight Director console in the space station flight control room in the Mission Control Center at NASA’s Johnson Space Center on Nov. 17, 2008, for day four of the space shuttle Endeavour’s STS-126 mission.
Credits: NASA
NASA Chief Flight Director Holly Ridings
On Sept. 17, 2018, NASA named Holly Ridings its new chief flight director, making her the first woman to lead the elite group that directs human spaceflight missions from the Mission Control Center at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.
Credits: NASA

NASA has named Holly Ridings its new chief flight director, making her the first woman to lead the elite group that directs human spaceflight missions from the Mission Control Center at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.

Director of Flight Operations Brian Kelly selected Ridings to replace Norm Knight, who has held the position since 2012. Knight now is the deputy director of Flight Operations.

“Holly has proven herself a leader among a group of highly talented flight directors,” Kelly said. “I know she will excel in this unique and critical leadership position providing direction for the safety and success of human spaceflight missions. She will lead the team during exciting times as they adapt to support future missions with commercial partners and beyond low-Earth orbit.”

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Chemists create circular fluorescent dyes for biological imaging

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Latest Science News — ScienceDaily September 18, 2018 at 10:21AM.)

University of Oregon chemists have created a new class of fluorescent dyes that function in water and emit colors based solely on the diameter of circular nanotubes made of carbon and hydrogen.

The six-member team reported the discovery, which is now being explored for its potential use in biological imaging, in an open-access paper published online Aug. 30, ahead of print in the journal ACS Central Science.

The paper details how the synthesized organic molecules called nanohoops, which initially were not water soluble, were manipulated with a chemical side chain to allow them to pass through cell membranes and maintain their colors within live cells.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Latest Science News — ScienceDaily] September 18, 2018 at 10:21AM. Credit to the original author and Latest Science News — ScienceDaily | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Weird Infrared Signal Emanates Across Space, But What Created It?

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Live Science September 18, 2018 at 04:07PM.)

(Cover Image)

A group of researchers recently observed a mysterious infrared emission coming from near a pulsar in NASA’s Hubble Space telescope data. This animation depicts one possible source of the emission: a “fallback disk” or a disk that formed from materials of the parent star falling back into the neutron star after a supernova.

Credit: ESA/N. Tr’Ehnl (Pennsylvania State University)/NASA

Space is filled with bizarre signals that we scramble to put meaning to — and now, researchers have detected yet another mysterious signal. This one emanated from near a neutron star, and for the first time, it’s infrared.
So, what’s nearby that could have created the weird signal? Scientists have a few ideas.
When a star reaches the end of its life, it typically undergoes a supernova explosion— the star collapses, and if it has enough mass, it will form a black hole. But if the star isn’t massive enough, it will form a neutron star. [Supernova Photos: Great Images of Star Explosions]

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New brain research suggests that schizophrenia is an extreme version of a common personality type

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Medical Xpress September 18, 2018 at 09:00AM.)

(Cover Image)

MEG scanner with patient from National Institute of Mental Health. Credit: NIMH

Researchers have found that the signals in people’s brains differ depending on a particular aspect of an individual’s personality, termed Schizotypy, a discovery that could improve the way schizophrenia is characterised and treated.

The study, “Attenuated post-movement beta rebound associated with schizotypal features in healthy people,” published in Schizophrenia Bulletin, was led by the University of Nottingham and the findings suggest that many mental illnesses may be thought of as extreme variants of a normal .

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SpaceX announces BFR lunar passenger, mission for Earth’s artists

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on NASASpaceFlight.com September 18, 2018 at 12:04AM.)

SpaceX has revealed the name of the passenger who has paid for a circumlunar navigation voyage aboard the company’s under construction BFR (Big Falcon Rocket) vehicle.  Yusaku Maezawa, a Japanese entrepreneur, purchased an entire BFR rocket with plans to ask a handful of artists to join him on his journey – artists who can then create works to inspire others to dream.

The traveller(s) and the flight:

After giving an update on the BFR’s overall architectural changes (for which NASASpaceflight will publish an in-depth article later), Elon Musk, founder, CEO, and Lead Designer at SpaceX, introduced the person who purchased an entire BFR for a flight around the moon.

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Intestinal bacteria produce electric current from sugar

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Phys.org September 18, 2018 at 09:45AM.)

(Cover Image)

Credit: CC0 Public Domain

Intestinal bacteria can create an electric current, according to a new study from Lund University in Sweden. The results are valuable for the development of drugs, but also for the production of bioenergy, for example.

It is already known that bacteria can create an electric current outside their own cell, known as extracellular electron transport. This has been demonstrated and analysed in detail in some bacteria that specialise in the metabolism of metal salts.

A group of researchers has now studied extracellular electron transport in a completely different type of bacterium – the lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, which can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals.

 

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New AI Strategy Mimics How Brains Learn to Smell

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Quanta Magazine September 18, 2018 at 12:19PM.)

Today’s artificial intelligence systems, including the artificial neural networks broadly inspired by the neurons and connections of the nervous system, perform wonderfully at tasks with known constraints. They also tend to require a lot of computational power and vast quantities of training data. That all serves to make them great at playing chess or Go, at detecting if there’s a car in an image, at differentiating between depictions of cats and dogs. “But they are rather pathetic at composing music or writing short stories,” said Konrad Kording, a computational neuroscientist at the University of Pennsylvania. “They have great trouble reasoning meaningfully in the world.”

To overcome those limitations, some research groups are turning back to the brain for fresh ideas. But a handful of them are choosing what may at first seem like an unlikely starting point: the sense of smell, or olfaction. Scientists trying to gain a better understanding of how organisms process chemical information have uncovered coding strategies that seem especially relevant to problems in AI. Moreover, olfactory circuits bear striking similarities to more complex brain regions that have been of interest in the quest to build better machines.

Computer scientists are now beginning to probe those findings in machine learning contexts.

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Simulation shows nuclear pasta 10 billion times harder to break than steel

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Phys.org September 18, 2018 at 09:03AM.)

A trio of researchers affiliated with several institutions in the U.S. and Canada has found evidence that suggests nuclear material beneath the surface of neutron stars may be the strongest material in the universe. In their paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters, M. E. Caplan, A. S. Schneider, and C. J. Horowitz describe their neutron star simulation and what it showed.

Prior research has shown that when reach a certain age, they explode and collapse into a mass of neutrons; hence the name star. And because they lose their neutrinos, become extremely densely packed. Prior research has also found evidence that suggests the surface of such stars is so dense that the material would be incredibly strong. In this new effort, the researchers report evidence suggesting that the material just below the surface is even stronger.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Phys.org] September 18, 2018 at 09:03AM. Credit to the original author and Phys.org | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Liquid Batteries Could Charge EVs in Minutes

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on RealClearScience – Homepage September 17, 2018 at 11:10PM.)

One of the biggest drawbacks of electric vehicles – that they require hours and hours to charge – could be obliterated by new type of liquid battery that is roughly ten times more energy-dense than existing models, according to Professor Lee Cronin, the Regius Chair of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow, UK.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [RealClearScience – Homepage] September 17, 2018 at 11:10PM. Credit to the original author and RealClearScience – Homepage | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Hey, Spock! Real-Life ‘Planet Vulcan’ Orbits Sun Featured in ‘Star Trek’

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Space.com September 18, 2018 at 01:11PM.)

(cover Image)

An artist’s depiction of what the newly discovered planet orbiting 40 Eridani A, a star made famous by the series “Star Trek,” might look like.

Credit: Don Davis

“Star Trek’s” planet Vulcan, ancestral home of Spock and his species, just became a little more real, thanks to a team of exoplanet scientists.
Because “Star Trek” creators eventually associated planet Vulcan with a real star, called 40 Eridani A, scientists have wondered for years whether a factual equivalent of the beloved science fiction planet exists, with or without pointy-eared inhabitants. And now, a team of scientists has said that the star really does host at least one planet.
“This star can be seen with the naked eye, unlike the host stars of most of the known planets discovered to date,” Bo Ma, lead author of the new research and an astronomer at the University of Florida, said in a statement. “Now, anyone can see 40 Eridani A on a clear night and be proud to point out Spock’s home.” [The Top 10 Best ‘Star Trek’ Episodes Ever]

 

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Space.com] September 18, 2018 at 01:11PM. Credit to the original author and Space.com | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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The world’s most valuable cannabis company just got a big lift

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Quartz September 18, 2018 at 05:39PM.)

At Canadian medical marijuana company Tilray Inc., things just keep getting higher.

After the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) approved its request to export medical marijuana today (Sept. 18), Tilray shares posted their second-best day ever, with US-listed shares jumping nearly 29%. They closed at $154.98, after rising nearly five-fold in the past month—and nearly eight-fold since its public debut in July.

Now, as its stock price continues to soar, the self-described “sophisticated producer of premium medical cannabis” has pushed ahead of Canadian rival Canopy Growth Corp. to become the world’s most valuable marijuana company. Tilray is now valued at $14 billion, but its CEO Brendan Kennedy told Bloomberg he can foresee a $100-billion future.

The recent DEA approval is for a forthcoming clinical CBD trial alongside University of California San Diego Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research to treat essential tremor, the neurological movement disorder. The affliction primarily affects the elderly and causes uncontrollable shaking.

Tilray is also involved in a host of other clinical trials around the world to treat everything from PTSD to chemotherapy-induced nausea.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Quartz] September 18, 2018 at 05:39PM. Credit to the original author and Quartz | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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The US Military Has Developed a Tooth Microphone That’s So Stealth It’s a Little Unnerving

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on ScienceAlert September 15, 2018 at 07:25AM.)

A lot of military technology manages to be both awe-inspiring and vaguely terrifying, and so it is with the Molar Mic – this little microphone and speaker combination actually clips on to the wearer’s back teeth. It’s completely wireless and invisible to anyone else.

Despite its rather precarious position, the little device can pick up the speech of the wearer without any visible interface, and relay sound back through bone-conducting technology through the teeth and skull to the inner ear.

It is, apparently perfectly possible to hold a normal phone call conversation with this, though we haven’t tried it ourselves.

And the potential uses for soldiers are many and varied: the Molar Mic allows for hands-free communication while driving, while hanging from the side of a mountain, while advancing through the jungle, while wearing a face mask, and even while underwater.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [ScienceAlert] September 15, 2018 at 07:25AM. Credit to the original author and ScienceAlert | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Lone Narwhal Caught Chilling with Gang of Beluga Whales in Canada

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Live Science September 14, 2018 at 10:07AM.)

(Cover Image)

A lone narwhal swims with his bros … beluga whales.

Credit: GREMM

It’s hard to find your place when you’re the new kid in town — especially when you’re the only kid with a tusk the size of a baguette jutting out of center of your forehead.
That didn’t stop one young, orphaned narwhal from making fast friends with a gang of 10 male beluga whales in Eastern Canada. For three years in a row, the gray-speckled narwhal has been spotted cavorting with the same band of snow-white belugas in Canada’s St. Lawrence River — a body of water that flows from Lake Ontario to the Atlantic Ocean, about 620 miles (1,000 kilometers) south of the Arctic habitat where narwhals are typically found.
How did the toothsome young narwhal get so far south? He probably fled there after his Arctic habitat lost too much ground to climate-related ice melt, according to biologists at the Group for Research and Education on Marine Mammals (GREMM) — a nonprofit whale conservation group based in Quebec, Canada.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Live Science] September 14, 2018 at 10:07AM. Credit to the original author and Live Science | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Stem Cells From Baby Teeth Could Be Used to Bring Back a Dead Tooth

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on ScienceAlert September 16, 2018 at 05:40AM.)

Stem cells taken from baby teeth could be used to repair dental injuries and fix dead teeth in the future, according to new research.

Scientists have announced they’ve been able to use the cells to patch up permanent teeth in children that have not yet fully grown.

The regenerative nature of stem cells – those powerful cells that can morph and divide to repair almost any part of the body – enabled researchers to successfully replenish the soft inner tissue (or dental pulp) in the teeth of 30 patients in a clinical trial in China.

Further down the line the same technique could be used to repair adult teeth as well, replacing the blood vessels and nerve connections that are often gone forever when a tooth take a serious knock.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [ScienceAlert] September 16, 2018 at 05:40AM. Credit to the original author and ScienceAlert | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Jet from Neutron-Star Merger GW170817 Appeared to Move Four Times Faster than Light

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Breaking Science News September 12, 2018 at 08:25AM.)

Radio observations using a combination of NSF’s Very Long Baseline Array, the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope have revealed that a fast-moving jet of particles broke out into interstellar space after a pair of neutron stars merged in NGC 4993, a lenticular galaxy approximately 130 million light-years from Earth.

Called GW170817, the merger of two neutron stars sent gravitational waves rippling through space. It was the first event ever to be detected both by gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves, including gamma rays, X-rays, visible light, and radio waves.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Breaking Science News] September 12, 2018 at 08:25AM. Credit to the original author and Breaking Science News | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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You should not drink human blood. It will not keep you young.

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Popular Science September 13, 2018 at 02:37PM.)

A recent study inspired headlines and tweets the likes of “drinking young people’s blood could help you live longer and prevent age-related diseases.” We at Popular Science would rather you not do that. Here are several arguments against drinking human blood.

Drinking human blood can make you very sick

For starters, a lot of blood you’ll encounter on the street carries some kind of pathogen. Drinking infected blood is a great way to get your very own infection. And unlike animals who’ve evolved to live on blood, humans can actually wind up with iron overdoses if they overindulge.

There are people feel compelled to drink the blood of others, and even follow rules to make sure they’re doing it safely and consensually. Some of the people who do this feel they have a genuine medical condition that is improved through the drinking of blood, but it’s important that you discuss these symptoms and feelings with your physician. And you definitely shouldn’t just take a shot of the first blood you’re offered.

Research is sorely needed to determine whether clinical vampires suffer from a medical ailment, psychosomatic symptoms, mental illness, or some combination of the three. Many say that they would happily switch to more socially acceptable supplements if they worked as well. |

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Popular Science] September 13, 2018 at 02:37PM. Credit to the original author and Popular Science .

 

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Researchers Discover a Pattern to the Seemingly Random Distribution of Prime Numbers

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Motherboard September 14, 2018 at 11:59AM.)

Often known as “the building blocks of mathematics,” prime numbers have fascinated mathematicians for centuries due to their highly unpredictable and seemingly random nature. However, a team of researchers at Princeton University have recently discovered a strange pattern in the primes’ chaos. Their novel modelling techniques revealed a surprising similarity between primes and certain naturally occurring crystalline materials, a similarity that may carry significant implications for physics and materials science.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Motherboard] September 14, 2018 at 11:59AM. Credit to the original author and Motherboard | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Anti-inflammatory diet linked to reduced risk of early death

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Latest Science News — ScienceDaily September 14, 2018 at 11:05AM.)

Adhering to an anti-inflammatory diet was associated with lower risks of dying from any cause, dying from cardiovascular causes, and dying from cancer in a recent Journal of Internal Medicine study. 

In the study of 68,273 Swedish men and women aged 45 to 83 years who were followed for 16 years, participants who most closely followed an anti-inflammatory diet had an 18% lower risk of all-cause mortality, a 20% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality, and a 13% lower risk of cancer mortality, when compared with those who followed the diet to a lesser degree. Smokers who followed the diet experienced even greater benefits when compared with smokers who did not follow the diet.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Latest Science News — ScienceDaily] September 14, 2018 at 11:05AM. Credit to the original author and Latest Science News — ScienceDaily | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Where a Sore Throat Becomes a Death Sentence

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on NYT > Science September 16, 2018 at 03:42AM.)

(Cover Imgae)
CreditAndrew Renneisen for The New York Times

Once a year, doctors travel to Rwanda to perform lifesaving surgery on people with damaged heart valves — a disease caused by untreated strep throat.

CreditAndrew Renneisen for The New York Times

 

KIGALI, Rwanda — Neighbors whisper that she is pregnant, a disgrace for a young, unmarried woman. The rumors mortify her. She hates her swollen belly.

But Florence Ndimubakunzi is not pregnant. Her heart is failing. It pumps so poorly that blood backs up in her veins, bloating her liver and spleen, and filling her abdomen with fluid. She is only 18.

For millions like her in poorer parts of Africa, Asia and other regions, this devastating heart disease began insidiously. During childhood, they contracted strep throat — an infection caused by streptococcal bacteria.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [NYT > Science] September 16, 2018 at 03:42AM. Credit to the original author and NYT > Science .

 

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BPA replacements in plastics cause reproductive problems in lab mice

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Latest Science News — ScienceDaily September 14, 2018 at 11:05AM.)

Twenty years ago, researchers made the accidental discovery that the now infamous plastics ingredient known as bisphenol A or BPA had inadvertently leached out of plastic cages used to house female mice in the lab, causing a sudden increase in chromosomally abnormal eggs in the animals. Now, the same team is back to report in the journal Current Biology on September 13 that the array of alternative bisphenols now used to replace BPA in BPA-free bottles, cups, cages, and other items appear to come with similar problems for their mice.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Latest Science News — ScienceDaily] September 14, 2018 at 11:05AM. Credit to the original author and Latest Science News — ScienceDaily | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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NASA, ULA Launch Mission to Track Earth’s Changing Ice

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on NASA Breaking News September 15, 2018 at 10:39AM.)

(cover Image)

The United Launch Alliance (ULA) Delta II rocket with the NASA Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) onboard is seen shortly after the mobile service tower at SLC-2 was rolled back, Saturday, Sept. 15, 2018, at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The ICESat-2 mission will measure the changing height of Earth’s ice.
Credits: NASA/ Bill Ingalls

NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) successfully launched from California at 9:02 a.m. EDT Saturday, embarking on its mission to measure the ice of Earth’s frozen reaches with unprecedented accuracy.

ICESat-2 lifted off from Space Launch Complex-2 at Vandenberg Air Force Base on United Launch Alliance’s final Delta II rocket. Ground stations in Svalbard, Norway, acquired signals from the spacecraft about 75 minutes after launch. It’s performing as expected and orbiting the globe, from pole to pole, at 17,069 mph from an average altitude of 290 miles.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [NASA Breaking News] September 15, 2018 at 10:39AM. Credit to the original author and NASA Breaking News | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Was This Huge River Delta on Mars the Place Where its Oceans Finally Disappeared?

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Universe Today September 13, 2018 at 05:30PM.)

For some time, scientists have known that Mars was once a much warmer and wetter environment than it is today. However, between 4.2 and 3.7 years ago, its atmosphere was slowly stripped away, which turned the surface into the cold and desiccated place we know today. Even after multiple missions have confirmed the presence of ancient lake beds and rivers, there are still unanswered questions about how much water Mars once had.

One of the most important unanswered questions is whether or not large seas or an ocean ever existed in the northern lowlands. According to a new study by an international team of scientists, the Hypanis Valles ancient river system is actually the remains of a river delta. The presence of this geological feature is an indication that this river system once emptied into an ancient Martian sea in Mars’ northern hemisphere.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Universe Today] September 13, 2018 at 05:30PM. Credit to the original author and Universe Today | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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A New Test for the Leading Big Bang Theory

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Quanta Magazine September 11, 2018 at 12:05PM.)

The leading hypothesis about the universe’s birth — that a quantum speck of space became energized and inflated in a split second, creating a baby cosmos — solves many puzzles and fits all observations to date. Yet this “cosmic inflation” hypothesis lacks definitive proof. Telltale ripples that should have formed in the inflating spatial fabric, known as primordial gravitational waves, haven’t been detected in the geometry of the universe by the world’s most sensitive telescopes. Their absence has fueled underdog theories of cosmogenesis in recent years. And yet cosmic inflation is wriggly. In many variants of the idea, the sought-after ripples would simply be too weak to observe.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Quanta Magazine] September 11, 2018 at 12:05PM. Credit to the original author and Quanta Magazine | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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The Most Addictive Theorem in Applied Mathematics

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Scientific American Content September 16, 2018 at 09:00AM.)

On this episode of our podcast My Favorite Theorem, my cohost Kevin Knudson and I had the privilege of talking with Erika Camacho, an applied mathematician at Arizona State University. You can listen to the episode here or at kpknudson.com, where there is also a transcript.

Dr. Camacho was inspired to go into applied mathematics when she did a summer research project modeling HIV as an undergraduate. (You can hear more about that in the interview I did with her for the Lathisms podcast series, which features conversations with Hispanic and Latinx mathematicians.) Since deciding to go into applied math, she has studied a few different topics, including the dynamics of how fanaticism spreads in communities and mathematical modeling of the eye. Currently one of her main research projects is on retinitis pigmentosa, which can cause blindness.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Scientific American Content] September 16, 2018 at 09:00AM. Credit to the original author and Scientific American Content | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Burning Man’s Mathematical Underbelly

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Scientific American Content September 14, 2018 at 09:02AM.)

Does your hometown have any mathematical tourist attractions such as statues, plaques, graves, the cafe where the famous conjecture was made, the desk where the famous initials are scratched, birthplaces, houses, or memorials? Have you encountered a mathematical sight on your travels? If so, we invite you to submit an essay to this column. Be sure to include a picture, a description of its mathematical significance, and either a map or directions so that others may follow in your tracks.

A math degree can take you to a lot of places, both physically and figuratively, and if you play your cards right, you too can argue counterfactual definiteness with a shaman. First in 2008, and several times since, a fellow math PhD and I traveled to the Burning Man art festival to sit in the desert and talk with the locals about whatever they happened to be curious about.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Scientific American Content] September 14, 2018 at 09:02AM. Credit to the original author and Scientific American Content | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Don’t Condemn People Who Don’t Evacuate for Hurricane Florence

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on Scientific American Content September 13, 2018 at 03:01PM.)

If you got notice of an impending disaster heading for your home, would you leave? Could you? Evacuating even under mandatory orders is not something everyone can do.

Hurricane Florence is about to smash into the mid-Atlantic coast, where it’s projected to drop epic rainfall on already saturated ground. Even if the winds slow, the storm surge and floods are going to cause enormous damage and devastate basic infrastructure. If you’re in a mandatory evacuation area, please, please leave while you can. Make this the Great Carolina Exodus fleeing the coasts.

No emergency manager issues an evacuation order lightly. Telling people to leave is a tough call, between the logistics of mass displacement, the increased vulnerability of stabilizing support systems, and loss of public trust if forecasts flop.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [Scientific American Content] September 13, 2018 at 03:01PM. Credit to the original author and Scientific American Content | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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Rare Mummified Animals Dug Up in Canada

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According to (This article and its images were originally posted on RealClearScience – Homepage September 15, 2018 at 01:21AM.)

The Klondike region of Canada is famous for its gold, but now other remarkable ancient treasures have been unearthed from the melting permafrost.

Two mummified ice age mammals – a wolf pup and a caribou calf – were discovered by gold miners in the area in 2016 and unveiled on Thursday at a ceremony in Dawson in Yukon territory.

It is extremely rare for fur, skin and muscle tissues to be preserved in the fossil record, but all three are present on these specimens, which have been radiocarbon-dated to more than 50,000 years old.

The wolf pup is preserved in its entirety, including exceptional details of the head, tail, paws, skin and hair. The caribou calf is partially preserved, with head, torso and two front limbs intact.

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This article and its images were originally posted on [RealClearScience – Homepage] September 15, 2018 at 01:21AM. Credit to the original author and RealClearScience – Homepage | ESIST.T>G>S Recommended Articles Of The Day.

 

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